Principal Investigator
B.A. Art History, Univ. of Chicago
Ph.D. Chemistry, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago
Postdoc, Chemical Biology, Harvard Medical School
Research in the Bowers Lab is concentrated on the synthesis, assessment, and modification of potential therapeutic leads, especially those derived from natural products. We use chemical synthesis as well as genetic manipulation of the natural biosyntheses to access and modify compounds to study structure-activity relationships (SAR). These efforts involves the integration of basic concepts in organic reaction mechanisms, synthetic organic chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, bioinformatics and computational chemistry.
Key words: Natural products medicinal chemistry, combinatorial synthesis and biosynthesis, structure-based drug design and mode of action.
Research in our lab is concentrated on the synthesis, assessment, and modification of potential therapeutic leads, especially those derived from natural products. We use chemical synthesis as well as genetic manipulation of the natural biosyntheses to access and modify compounds to study structure-activity relationships (SAR). These efforts involves the integration of basic concepts in organic reaction mechanisms, synthetic organic chemistry, biochemistry, molecular biology, bioinformatics and computational chemistry.
A major focus of the lab is using genetic information about natural product biosynthesis to manipulate pathways, create new compounds, and rationally modify or improve their pharmacology. This has the benefit of efficiently accessing complex natural-product-like structures without the need for step-wise synthesis chemical synthesis. In particular, we are engineering several exceptionally promiscuous enzymatic pathways to make modified versions of their endogenous products with new biological activities. We have had success in targeting libraries of these engineered compounds against a number of challenging but important cancer targets. A mechanistic understanding of these pathways is also allowing us to expand on the endogenous structures by incorporating unnatural functional groups, capable of reacting in parallel. Additionally, we are exploring the ability to express the engineered pathways in presence of potential targets in order to ‘evolve’ new natural-product-like inhibitors.
Our laboratory also actively pursues SAR of several natural products by means of chemical synthesis. A number of natural products have been ignored clinically (as well as industrially) due to fundamental shortcomings, such as poor solubility or excessive cytotoxicity. Research in the lab is aimed at removing these impediments to clinical relevance by developing efficient syntheses of proposed active fragments and investigations of the minimal basis for their activity. Compounds currently being worked on in the lab target multidrug resistant venereal infection (gonorrhea and chlamydia) and aberrant gene regulation involved in cancer progression.
Blogging about peptides, macrocycles, natural products, and drug discovery, especially drug discovery with macrocyclic peptide natural products. Posts by students, postdocs, and PIs in the Bowers Lab.
Ubiquitin (Ub) is ubiquitous. This small, 76-residue protein is used to mark cellular proteins for degradation by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS). Two key enzyme families, Ub ligases and deubiquitylation enzymes (DUBs), are responsible for putting on and taking off … Continued
Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are making a large impact on drug discovery and development. It’s hard to open a copy of C&E News without reading about the latest AI-guided synthetic routes or “smart” models of drug metabolism and … Continued
Azol(in)es, are important and common motifs in natural products and therapeutics. They are especially abundant in ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide natural products (RiPPs) like cyanobactins and thiopeptides and even define an entire subclass of RiPPs dubbed “linear azole-containing … Continued
Albert Bowers, Ph.D.Principal InvestigatorB.A. Art History, Univ. of Chicago |
Nicholas Kramer, Ph.D.Postdoc, Synthetic ChemistryB.S. Ramapo College of NJ |
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Kelly Bird (c/o 2015)Graduate Student, CBMCB.S. Biochemistry, Washington College |
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Tory Haberman (c/o 2017)Graduate Student, CBMCB.S. Chemistry, Clemson University |
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Matt Bowler (c/o 2018)Graduate Student, CBMCB.S. Chemistry, Salisbury University |
Bree Iskandar (c/o 2018)Graduate Student, BBSPB.S. Chemistry, Emory University |
Nicoletta Economou, Ph.D.Postdoc, Structural BiologyB.S. Agricultural University of Athens Current: Clinical Analytics Manager (BeiGene, Durham, NC)
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Walter Wever Solis, Ph.D.Graduate Student, CBMCB.S. Chemistry, Texas Tech. Univ. Current: Scientist (Ferring Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA)
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Scott Edward Allen, Ph.D.Postdoc, Computational ChemistryB.S. Chemistry, Pennsylvania State Univ. Current: Patent Agent (Riverside Law, LLP, Wayne, PA)
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Rachel Bleich, Ph.D.Graduate Student, CBMCB.S. Chemistry, Western Carolina Univ. Current: Postdoc and SPIRE Fellow (UNC Chapel Hill, PI: Janelle Arthur)
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Paul Himes, Ph.D.Graduate Student, CBMCB.S. Chemical Engineering, Rose Hulman Institute of Technology Current: Contract Scientist (Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA)
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Swapnil Ghodge, Ph.D.Postdoc, EnzymologyB.Tech. Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, India. Current: Senior Scientist (Genentech, San Francisco, CA)
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Jon Bogart, Ph.D.Graduate Student, CBMCB.S. Chemistry, Univ. Wisconsin at Milwaukee. Current: Postdoc (Northwestern University, PI: Michael C. Jewett)
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Independent
21. J. W. Bogart, A. A. Bowers, Thiopeptide Pyridine Synthase TbtD Catalyzes an Intermolecular Formal Aza-Diels-Alder Reaction, J. Am. Chem. Soc., just accepted, 2019.
20. S. R. Fleming, T. E. Bartges, A. A. Vinogradov, C. L. Kirkpatrick, Y. Goto, H. Suga, L. M. Hicks, A. A. Bowers, Flexizyme-Enabled Benchtop Biosynthesis of Thiopeptides, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 141 (2), 758-762, 2019.
19. A. A. Bowers, The substrate lends a hand, Nat. Chem. Bio., 14 (10), 907–908, 2018.
18. K. J. Grubbs, R. M. Bleich, K. C. Santa Maria, S. E. Allen, S. Farag, E. A. Shank, A. A. Bowers, Large-Scale Bioinformatics Analysis of Bacillus Genomes Uncovers Conserved Roles of Natural Products in Bacterial Physiology, mSystems, 2(6), e00040–17, 2017.
17. A. A. Bowers, Methylating mushrooms, Nat. Chem. Bio., 13 (8), 821-2, 2017.
16. T. L. Grove, P. M. Himes, S. Hwang, J. Bonnani, H. Yumerefendi, B. Kuhlman, S. Almo, A. A, Bowers, Structural Insights into Thioether Bond Formation of a Sactionine Synthase, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 139 (34), 11734-44, 2017.
15. J.G. Gober, S.V. Ghodge, J. W. Bogart, W. J. Wever, R. R. Watkins, E. M. Brustad, A. A. Bowers, P450-Mediated Non-natural Cyclopropanation of Dehydroalanine-containing Thiopeptides, ACS Chem. Biol. 12, 1726-31, 2017.
14. L. Lauinger, J. Li, A. Shostak, I. A. Cemel, N. Ha, Y. Zhang, P. E. Merkl, S. Obermeyer, N. Stankovic-Valentin, T. Schafmeier, W. J. Wever, A. A. Bowers, K. P. Carter, A. E. Palmer, H. Tschochner, F. Melchior, R. J. Deshaies, M. Brunner, A. Diernfellner, Thiolutin is a zinc chelator that inhibits the Rpn11 and other JAMM metalloproteases, Nat. Chem. Biol. 13, 709-14, 2017.
13. X. Wang, A. Arceci, K. Bird, C. A. Mills, R. Choudhury, J. L. Kernan, C. Zhou, V. Bae-Jump, A. A. Bowers, and M. Emanuele, VprBP/DCAF1 regulates the degradation and non-proteolytic activation of the cell cycle transcription factor FoxM1, Mol. Cell Biol., 37, 1-15, 2017
12. W. J. Wever, J. W. Bogart, and A. A. Bowers, Identification of Pyridine Synthase Recognition Sequences Allows Modular Solid-Phase Route to Thiopeptide Variants, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 138 (41), 13461–13464, 2016.
11. S. V. Ghodge, K. A. Biernat, S. J. Bassett, M. R. Redinbo, and A. A. Bowers, Post-translational Claisen Condensation and Decarboxylation en Route to the Bicyclic Core of Pantocin A, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 138 (17), 5487–5490, 2016.
10. P.M. Himes, S. E. Allen, S. Hwang, and A. A. Bowers, Production of Sactipeptides in Escherichia coli: Probing the Substrate Promiscuity of Subtilosin A Biosynthesis, ACS Chem. Biol., 11(6), 1737-1744, 2016.
9. S. E. Allen, N. V. Dokholyan, A. A. Bowers, Dynamic Docking of Conformationally Constrained Macrocycles: Methods and Applications, ACS Chem. Biol., 11(1), 10-24, 2015.
8. W. J. Wever, J. W. Bogart, J. A. Bacile, A. N. Chan, F. C. Schroeder, and A. A. Bowers, Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Thiazolyl Peptide Natural Products Featuring an Enzyme-Catalyzed Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 137(10), 3494-7, 2015.
7. Z. D. Dunn, W. J. Wever, N. J. Economou, A. A. Bowers, and B. Li, Enzymatic Basis of ‘Hybridity’ in Thiomarinol Biosynthesis, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 54(17), 5137-41, 2015.
6. R. M. Bleich, J. D. Watrous, P. C. Dorrestein, A. A. Bowers, E. A. Shank, Thiopeptide antibiotics stimulate biofilm formation in Bacillus subtilis, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 112, 3086-91, 2015.
5. M. J. Powers, E. Sanabria-Valentin, A. A. Bowers, E. A. Shank, Inhibition of Cell Differentiation in Bacillus Subtilis by Pseudomonas protegens, J. Bacteriol., 197(13), 2129, 2015.
4. X. Du, D. Wojtowicz, A. A. Bowers, D. Levens, C. Benham, and T. M. Przytycka, Genome-wide distribution of non-B DNA motifs is shaped by operon structure and suggests transcriptional importance of non-B DNA structures in Escherichia coli, Nuc. Acid. Res., 41(12), 5965, 2013.
3. W. Wever, M. A. Cinelli, A. A. Bowers, Visible Light Mediated Activation and O-Glycosylation of Thioglycosides, Org. Lett.,15(1), 30-33, 2013.
2. Arnison, P. et al., Ribosomally Synthesized and Post-Translationally Modified Peptide Natural Products: Overview and Recommendations for a Universal Nomenclature, Nat. Prod. Rep., 30, 108-160, 2013.
1. A. A. Bowers, Preparation of natural product-like cyclic peptide libraries, MedChemComm, 3, 905-915, 2012.
20. B. Li, W. Wever, C. T. Walsh, and A. A. Bowers, Dithiolopyrrolones: Biosynthesis, Synthesis, and Activity of a Unique Class of Disulfide-Containing Natural Products, Nat. Prod. Rep., 31, 905, 2014.
19. B. Li, R. R. Forseth, A. A. Bowers, F. C. Schroeder, C. T. Walsh, A Backup Plan for Self-protection: S-Methylation of Holomycin Biosynthetic Intermediates in Streptomyces clavuligerus, ChemBioChem, 13(17) 2521-2526, 2012.
18. A. A. Bowers, M. G. Acker, T. S. Young, and C. T. Walsh, Generation of Thiocillin Ring Size Variants by Prepeptide Gene Replacement and In Vivo Processing by Bacillus cereus, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 134(25) 10313-10316, 2012.
17. A. A. Bowers, C. T. Walsh, and M. G. Acker, Genetic Interception and Structural Characterization of Thiopeptide Cyclization Precursors from Bacillus cereus, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132(35) 12182-12184, 2010.
16. C. T. Walsh, M. G. Acker, A. A. Bowers, Thiazolyl peptide antibiotic biosynthesis: a cascade of posttranslational modifications on ribosomal nascent proteins, J. Bio. Chem., 285, 27525-27531, 2010.
15. T. L. Newkirk, A. A. Bowers, R. M. Williams, Discovery, biological activity, synthesis and potential therapeutic utility of naturally occurring histone deacetylase inhibitors, Nat. Prod. Rep., 26(10), 1293-1320, 2009.
14. A. A. Bowers, M. G. Acker, and C. T. Walsh, In vivo Manipulation of Thiocillin: Structure, Conformation, and Activity of Heterocycle Substitution Mutants, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 132(21) 7319-7327, 2010.
13. M. G. Acker, A. A. Bowers, and C. T. Walsh, Generation of Thiocillin Variants by Prepeptide Gene Replacement and In Vivo Processing by B. cereus, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131(48) 17563-17565, 2009.
12. A. A. Bowers, N. West, T. Newkirk, A. Troutman-Youngman, S. L. Schreiber, O. Wiest, J. E. Bradner, and R. M. Williams, Synthesis and HDAC Inhibitory Activity of Largazole Analogs: Alteration of the Zinc-Binding Domain and Macrocyclic Scaffold. Org. Lett., 11(6) 1301-1304, 2009.
11. A. A. Bowers, T. J. Greshock, N. West, G. Estiu, S. L. Schreiber, O. Wiest, R. M. Williams, J. E. Bradner, Synthesis and Conformation-Activity Relationships of the Peptide Isosteres of FK228 and Largazole. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131(8) 2900-2905, 2009.
10. A. A. Bowers, N. West, J. Taunton, S. L. Schreiber, J. E. Bradner, and R. M. Williams, The Total Synthesis and Biological Mode of Action of Largazole: A Potent Class I Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitor. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130(33) 11219-11222, 2008.
9. D. Crich, K. Sasaki, M. Sardar, and A. A. Bowers, One-Pot Syntheses of Dissymmetric Diamides Based on the Chemistry of Cyclic Monothioanhydrides. Scope, Limitations, and Application to the Synthesis of Glycopeptides, J. Org. Chem., 74(10) 3886-3893, 2009.
8. D. Crich, A. A. Bowers, “Sulfoxides, Sulfimides, and Sulfones” in Handbook of Chemical Glycosylation, ed. A. Demchenko, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2008, 303-328.
7. D. Crich and A. A. Bowers, Cyclic Thioanhydrides: Linchpins for Multicomponent Coupling Reactions Based on the Reaction of Thioacids with Electron-Deficient Sulfonamides and Azides, Org. Lett., 9(25) 5323-5325, 2007.
6. D. Crich, D. Grant, and A. A. Bowers, Heterobivalent Library Expansion by “Living Radical” Processes. Thiocarbonyl Addition Elimination, and Nitroxide-Based Reactions with Fluorous Deconvolution, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129(40) 12106-12107, 2007.
5. T. Nokami, A. Shibuya, H. Tsuyama, A. A. Bowers, D. Crich, S. Suga, and J-I. Yoshida, Electrochemical Generation of Glycosyl Triflates. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129(35) 10922-10928, 2007.
4. D. Crich, C. M. Pedersen, A. A. Bowers, and D. J. Wink, Does Conformational Restriction Influence Stereoselectivity in the Formation of Arabinofuranosides? The 3,5-Di-O-benzylidene and 3,5-Di-O(di-tert-butylsilylene)-2-O-benzylarabinofuranosides as Glycosyl Donors, J. Org. Chem., 72(5) 1553-1565, 2007.
3. D. Crich and A. A. Bowers, Total Synthesis of a β-(1→3)-D-Rhamnotetraose by a One-Pot, Multiple Radical Fragmentation, Org. Lett., 8(19) 4327-4330, 2006.
2. D. Crich and A. A Bowers, 4,6-O-[1-Cyano-2-(2-iodophenyl)ethylidene] Acetals. Improved Second Generation Acetals for the Stereoselective Formation of β-D-Mannopyranosides and Regioselective Reductive Radical Fragmentation to β-D-Rhamnopyranosides. Scope and Limitations. J. Org. Chem. 71(9) 3452-3463, 2006.
1. D. Crich, Q. Yao, A. A. Bowers, On the regioselectivity of the Hanessian-Hullar reaction in 4,6-O-benzylidene protected galactopyranosides. Carbohydrate Res., 341(10) 1748-1752, 2006.
2. R. M. Williams, J. E. Bradner, A. A. Bowers, T. L. Newkirk, A. E. Troutman-Youngman Method for Preparing Largazole Analogs and Uses Thereof, PCT Int. Appl., 2010, WO 2010009334.
1. D. Crich, A. A. Bowers, Multicomponent coupling and glycopeptides synthesis with cyclic thioanhydrides, US. Pat. Appl. Publ., 2009, US 20090163697.
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